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Representatives included Grace Hopper (inventor of the English-like data processing language FLOW-MATIC), Jean Sammet and Saul Gorn. Hawes, a computer scientist at Burroughs Corporation, called a meeting of representatives from academia, computer users, and manufacturers at the University of Pennsylvania to organize a formal meeting on common business languages. At a time when new programming languages were proliferating at an ever-increasing rate, the same survey suggested that if a common business-oriented language were used, conversion would be far cheaper and faster. ![]() A 1959 survey had found that in any data processing installation, the programming cost US$800,000 on average and that translating programs to run on new hardware would cost $600,000. In the late 1950s, computer users and manufacturers were becoming concerned about the rising cost of programming. 3.4 Isolation from the computer science community. ![]() 1.7 COBOL 2002 and object-oriented COBOL.These weaknesses result in monolithic, verbose (intended to be English-like) programs that are not easily comprehensible.įor years, COBOL has been assumed as a programming language for business operations in mainframes, although in recent years an increasing interest has surged on migrating COBOL operations to cloud computing. ĬOBOL has been criticized throughout its life for its verbosity, design process, and poor support for structured programming. Lacking a large standard library, the standard specifies 43 statements, 87 functions and just one class.Īcademic computer scientists were generally uninterested in business applications when COBOL was created and were not involved in its design it was (effectively) designed from the ground up as a computer language for business, with an emphasis on inputs and outputs, whose only data types were numbers and strings of text. Sorting an array in cobol program code#In contrast with modern, succinct syntax like y = x, COBOL has a more English-like syntax (in this case, MOVE x TO y).ĬOBOL code is split into four divisions (identification, environment, data, and procedure) containing a rigid hierarchy of sections, paragraphs and sentences. However, it is verbose and uses over 300 reserved words. ĬOBOL statements have an English-like syntax, which was designed to be self-documenting and highly readable. The current standard is ISO/ IEC 1989:2014. Expansions include support for structured and object-oriented programming. It was standardized in 1968 and has since been revised four times. It was originally seen as a stopgap, but the Department of Defense promptly forced computer manufacturers to provide it, resulting in its widespread adoption. Sorting an array in cobol program portable#It was created as part of a US Department of Defense effort to create a portable programming language for data processing. ĬOBOL was designed in 1959 by CODASYL and was partly based on the programming language FLOW-MATIC designed by Grace Hopper. Most programming in COBOL is now purely to maintain existing applications however, many large financial institutions were still developing new systems in COBOL as late as 2006. Sorting an array in cobol program software#However, due to its declining popularity and the retirement of experienced COBOL programmers, programs are being migrated to new platforms, rewritten in modern languages or replaced with software packages. COBOL is still widely used in applications deployed on mainframe computers, such as large-scale batch and transaction processing jobs. COBOL is primarily used in business, finance, and administrative systems for companies and governments. It is an imperative, procedural and, since 2002, object-oriented language. Initial: AIMACO, COMTRAN, FACT, FLOW-MATICĬobolScript, EGL, PL/I, PL/B ĬOBOL ( / ˈ k oʊ b ɒ l, - b ɔː l/ an acronym for "common business-oriented language") is a compiled English-like computer programming language designed for business use. GnuCOBOL, IBM COBOL, Micro Focus Visual COBOLĬOBOL/2, DEC COBOL-10, DEC VAX COBOL, DOSVS COBOL, Envyr ICOBOL, Fujitsu COBOL, Hitachi COBOL2002, HP3000 COBOL/II, IBM COBOL SAA, IBM COBOL/400, IBM COBOL/II, IBM Enterprise COBOL, IBM ILE COBOL, IBM OS/VS COBOL, ICL COBOL (VME), Micro Focus ACUCOBOL-GT, Micro Focus COBOL-IT, Micro Focus RM/COBOL, Micro Focus Visual COBOL, Microsoft COBOL, Raincode COBOL, Realia COBOL, Ryan McFarland RM/COBOL, Ryan McFarland RM/COBOL-85, Tandem (NonStop) COBOL85, Tandem (NonStop) SCOBOL, UNIVAC COBOL, Unisys MCP COBOL74, Unisys MCP COBOL85, Unix COBOL X/Open, Veryant isCOBOL, Wang VS COBOL ![]()
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